| Statistic | N | Mean | St. Dev. | Min | Pctl(25) | Pctl(75) | Max |
| LSM_AREA_MN_ALL | 34,188 | 2.887 | 3.096 | 0.587 | 1.389 | 3.501 | 262.563 |
| LSM_CONTAG_ALL | 34,188 | 64.998 | 9.029 | 37.286 | 58.516 | 70.527 | 99.709 |
| LSM_ED_ALL | 34,188 | 149.494 | 59.611 | 0.880 | 103.648 | 195.640 | 319.314 |
| LSM_ENN_ALL | 34,188 | 34.723 | 9.034 | 9 | 29 | 39 | 85 |
| LSM_LPI_ALL | 34,188 | 15.065 | 19.582 | 0.222 | 2.757 | 18.316 | 99.881 |
| LSM_RICH_ALL | 34,188 | 34.723 | 9.034 | 9 | 29 | 39 | 85 |
| LSM_SHDI_ALL | 34,188 | 1.659 | 0.445 | 0.010 | 1.392 | 1.970 | 3.027 |
| LSM_SHEI_ALL | 34,188 | 0.470 | 0.116 | 0.003 | 0.403 | 0.553 | 0.792 |
| LSM_SIDI_ALL | 34,188 | 0.694 | 0.154 | 0.002 | 0.626 | 0.802 | 0.927 |
| LSM_SIEI_ALL | 34,188 | 0.715 | 0.158 | 0.002 | 0.648 | 0.827 | 0.942 |
| PNC | 34,188 | 68.842 | 25.521 | 2.644 | 51.200 | 90.306 | 99.997 |
| Statistic | N | Mean | St. Dev. | Min | Pctl(25) | Pctl(75) | Max |
| YIELD | 17,038 | 142.148 | 39.395 | 10.400 | 117.600 | 170.900 | 270.200 |
| ACRES_PLANTED | 17,052 | 53,663.890 | 59,947.730 | 500.000 | 7,800.000 | 81,525.000 | 374,000.000 |
| TOTAL_ACRES | 17,052 | 445,915.000 | 337,633.400 | 55,889.120 | 278,260.300 | 508,710.800 | 6,355,094.000 |
| ACRES | 17,052 | 13.729 | 14.456 | 0.012 | 2.006 | 22.375 | 62.165 |
| PERC_IRR | 31,999 | 17.623 | 16.242 | 0.000 | 6.410 | 23.681 | 100.000 |
| GDD | 34,188 | 3,135.750 | 698.344 | 0.000 | 2,614.248 | 3,615.295 | 5,030.119 |
| SDD | 34,188 | 193.239 | 205.582 | 0.000 | 35.908 | 298.062 | 1,671.627 |
| TP | 34,188 | 693.590 | 271.349 | 0.000 | 525.179 | 865.790 | 2,322.882 |
| EfP | 34,188 | 561.365 | 191.311 | 0.000 | 449.531 | 682.882 | 1,536.356 |
| ExP | 34,188 | 132.225 | 107.524 | 0.000 | 52.222 | 188.829 | 1,339.625 |
| SOIL | 34,188 | 0.320 | 0.189 | 0.001 | 0.198 | 0.433 | 0.887 |
| Statistic | N | Mean | St. Dev. | Min | Pctl(25) | Pctl(75) | Max |
| YIELD | 15,047 | 42.954 | 10.768 | 3.600 | 35.700 | 50.600 | 82.300 |
| ACRES_PLANTED | 15,047 | 55,494.710 | 55,280.660 | 500.000 | 10,500.000 | 87,700.000 | 541,000.000 |
| TOTAL_ACRES | 15,047 | 397,160.500 | 195,273.700 | 55,889.120 | 274,012.300 | 462,434.200 | 3,845,762.000 |
| ACRES | 15,047 | 14.663 | 12.570 | 0.038 | 3.115 | 25.327 | 63.926 |
| PERC_IRR | 31,999 | 17.623 | 16.242 | 0.000 | 6.410 | 23.681 | 100.000 |
| GDD | 34,188 | 2,962.279 | 687.684 | 0.000 | 2,452.808 | 3,545.367 | 4,509.170 |
| SDD | 34,188 | 192.814 | 203.847 | 0.000 | 35.538 | 298.916 | 1,659.719 |
| TP | 34,188 | 626.113 | 273.582 | 0.000 | 457.211 | 793.821 | 2,140.121 |
| EfP | 34,188 | 505.429 | 195.729 | 0.000 | 393.824 | 624.980 | 1,536.356 |
| ExP | 34,188 | 120.684 | 102.710 | 0.000 | 45.663 | 172.036 | 1,244.114 |
| SOIL | 34,188 | 0.311 | 0.175 | 0.003 | 0.183 | 0.428 | 0.780 |
| Statistic | N | Mean | St. Dev. | Min | Pctl(25) | Pctl(75) | Max |
| YIELD | 12,242 | 54.136 | 18.866 | 6.100 | 41.500 | 66.500 | 146.500 |
| ACRES_PLANTED | 12,254 | 29,477.600 | 51,467.060 | 300.000 | 3,200.000 | 26,500.000 | 446,000.000 |
| TOTAL_ACRES | 12,254 | 546,892.800 | 530,147.000 | 55,889.120 | 290,063.200 | 582,009.500 | 6,355,094.000 |
| ACRES | 12,254 | 5.214 | 7.577 | 0.023 | 0.858 | 5.832 | 53.872 |
| PERC_IRR | 31,999 | 17.623 | 16.242 | 0.000 | 6.410 | 23.681 | 100.000 |
| GDD | 34,188 | 5,280.120 | 939.247 | 0.000 | 4,641.888 | 5,841.753 | 8,546.627 |
| SDD | 34,188 | 93.573 | 103.201 | 0.000 | 22.241 | 128.267 | 983.768 |
| TP | 34,188 | 868.825 | 354.809 | 0.000 | 631.898 | 1,088.219 | 3,715.071 |
| EfP | 34,188 | 707.025 | 254.859 | 0.000 | 543.047 | 863.438 | 2,492.113 |
| ExP | 34,188 | 161.800 | 137.022 | 0.000 | 59.403 | 231.070 | 1,866.748 |
| SOIL | 34,188 | 0.257 | 0.118 | 0.003 | 0.168 | 0.341 | 0.591 |
| LSM_AREA_MN_ALL | LSM_CONTAG_ALL | LSM_ED_ALL | LSM_ENN_ALL | LSM_LPI_ALL | LSM_RICH_ALL | LSM_SHDI_ALL | LSM_SHEI_ALL | LSM_SIDI_ALL | LSM_SIEI_ALL | PNC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSM_AREA_MN_ALL | 1 | ||||||||||
| LSM_CONTAG_ALL | 0.62 | 1 | |||||||||
| LSM_ED_ALL | -0.59 | -0.84 | 1 | ||||||||
| LSM_ENN_ALL | -0.24 | -0.22 | 0.29 | 1 | |||||||
| LSM_LPI_ALL | 0.49 | 0.71 | -0.52 | -0.13 | 1 | ||||||
| LSM_RICH_ALL | -0.24 | -0.22 | 0.29 | 1 | -0.13 | 1 | |||||
| LSM_SHDI_ALL | -0.57 | -0.93 | 0.69 | 0.47 | -0.68 | 0.47 | 1 | ||||
| LSM_SHEI_ALL | -0.57 | -0.97 | 0.68 | 0.22 | -0.71 | 0.22 | 0.96 | 1 | |||
| LSM_SIDI_ALL | -0.58 | -0.92 | 0.66 | 0.33 | -0.76 | 0.33 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1 | ||
| LSM_SIEI_ALL | -0.58 | -0.92 | 0.66 | 0.3 | -0.76 | 0.3 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 1 | 1 | |
| PNC | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.02 | -0.06 | 0.44 | -0.06 | -0.41 | -0.43 | -0.45 | -0.45 | 1 |
| Mean Patch Index | Contagion | Edge Density | Largest Patch Index | Richness | Shannon Diversity | Shannon Evenness | Simpson Diversity | Simpson Evenness | Percent Natural Cover | Soil Suitability | Simpsons Diversity (Ag.) | Shannon Diversity (Ag.) | Richness (Ag.) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Patch Index | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Contagion | 0.61 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Edge Density | -0.59 | -0.84 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Largest Patch Index | 0.48 | 0.71 | -0.52 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Richness | -0.24 | -0.23 | 0.3 | -0.13 | 1 | |||||||||
| Shannon Diversity | -0.56 | -0.93 | 0.69 | -0.68 | 0.48 | 1 | ||||||||
| Shannon Evenness | -0.56 | -0.97 | 0.68 | -0.71 | 0.23 | 0.96 | 1 | |||||||
| Simpson Diversity | -0.57 | -0.92 | 0.66 | -0.76 | 0.34 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1 | ||||||
| Simpson Evenness | -0.57 | -0.92 | 0.66 | -0.76 | 0.31 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Percent Natural Cover | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.44 | -0.06 | -0.41 | -0.43 | -0.45 | -0.45 | 1 | ||||
| Soil Suitability | -0.18 | -0.31 | 0.11 | -0.53 | -0.04 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.39 | -0.68 | 1 | |||
| Simpsons Diversity (Ag.) | -0.17 | -0.16 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.23 | -0.01 | 0.02 | 1 | ||
| Shannon Diversity (Ag.) | -0.17 | -0.2 | 0.26 | -0.04 | 0.53 | 0.3 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.14 | -0.18 | 0.46 | 1 | |
| Richness (Ag.) | -0.21 | -0.22 | 0.25 | -0.14 | 0.95 | 0.47 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.3 | -0.11 | -0.01 | 0.64 | 0.54 | 1 |
| Mean Patch Index | Contagion | Edge Density | Largest Patch Index | Richness | Shannon Diversity | Shannon Evenness | Simpson Diversity | Simpson Evenness | Percent Natural Cover | Soil Suitability | Simpsons Diversity (Ag.) | Shannon Diversity (Ag.) | Richness (Ag.) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Patch Index | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Contagion | 0.61 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Edge Density | -0.59 | -0.84 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Largest Patch Index | 0.48 | 0.71 | -0.52 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Richness | -0.24 | -0.23 | 0.3 | -0.13 | 1 | |||||||||
| Shannon Diversity | -0.56 | -0.93 | 0.69 | -0.68 | 0.48 | 1 | ||||||||
| Shannon Evenness | -0.56 | -0.97 | 0.68 | -0.71 | 0.23 | 0.96 | 1 | |||||||
| Simpson Diversity | -0.57 | -0.92 | 0.66 | -0.76 | 0.34 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1 | ||||||
| Simpson Evenness | -0.57 | -0.92 | 0.66 | -0.76 | 0.31 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Percent Natural Cover | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.44 | -0.06 | -0.41 | -0.43 | -0.45 | -0.45 | 1 | ||||
| Soil Suitability | -0.12 | -0.28 | -0.01 | -0.5 | -0.05 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.4 | 0.41 | -0.75 | 1 | |||
| Simpsons Diversity (Ag.) | -0.17 | -0.16 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.23 | -0.01 | 0.06 | 1 | ||
| Shannon Diversity (Ag.) | -0.17 | -0.2 | 0.26 | -0.04 | 0.53 | 0.3 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.14 | -0.13 | 0.46 | 1 | |
| Richness (Ag.) | -0.21 | -0.22 | 0.25 | -0.14 | 0.95 | 0.47 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.3 | -0.11 | 0.01 | 0.64 | 0.54 | 1 |
| Mean Patch Index | Contagion | Edge Density | Largest Patch Index | Richness | Shannon Diversity | Shannon Evenness | Simpson Diversity | Simpson Evenness | Percent Natural Cover | Soil Suitability | Simpsons Diversity (Ag.) | Shannon Diversity (Ag.) | Richness (Ag.) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Patch Index | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Contagion | 0.61 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Edge Density | -0.59 | -0.84 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Largest Patch Index | 0.48 | 0.71 | -0.52 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Richness | -0.24 | -0.23 | 0.3 | -0.13 | 1 | |||||||||
| Shannon Diversity | -0.56 | -0.93 | 0.69 | -0.68 | 0.48 | 1 | ||||||||
| Shannon Evenness | -0.56 | -0.97 | 0.68 | -0.71 | 0.23 | 0.96 | 1 | |||||||
| Simpson Diversity | -0.57 | -0.92 | 0.66 | -0.76 | 0.34 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1 | ||||||
| Simpson Evenness | -0.57 | -0.92 | 0.66 | -0.76 | 0.31 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Percent Natural Cover | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.44 | -0.06 | -0.41 | -0.43 | -0.45 | -0.45 | 1 | ||||
| Soil Suitability | -0.21 | -0.41 | 0.18 | -0.54 | 0 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.48 | -0.54 | 1 | |||
| Simpsons Diversity (Ag.) | -0.17 | -0.16 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.23 | -0.01 | 0.11 | 1 | ||
| Shannon Diversity (Ag.) | -0.17 | -0.2 | 0.26 | -0.04 | 0.53 | 0.3 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0 | 0.46 | 1 | |
| Richness (Ag.) | -0.21 | -0.22 | 0.25 | -0.14 | 0.95 | 0.47 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.3 | -0.11 | 0.03 | 0.64 | 0.54 | 1 |
| Mean Patch Index | Contagion | Edge Density | Largest Patch Index | Richness | Shannon Diversity | Shannon Evenness | Simpson Diversity | Simpson Evenness | Percent Natural Cover | Insecticide | Herbicide | Fertilizer | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Patch Index | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Contagion | 0.78 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Edge Density | -0.79 | -0.83 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Largest Patch Index | 0.54 | 0.69 | -0.48 | 1 | |||||||||
| Richness | -0.24 | -0.17 | 0.24 | -0.05 | 1 | ||||||||
| Shannon Diversity | -0.69 | -0.93 | 0.67 | -0.66 | 0.4 | 1 | |||||||
| Shannon Evenness | -0.68 | -0.96 | 0.65 | -0.7 | 0.17 | 0.97 | 1 | ||||||
| Simpson Diversity | -0.66 | -0.91 | 0.63 | -0.74 | 0.26 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 1 | |||||
| Simpson Evenness | -0.66 | -0.91 | 0.63 | -0.75 | 0.23 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Percent Natural Cover | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.45 | -0.01 | -0.36 | -0.38 | -0.41 | -0.42 | 1 | |||
| Insecticide | -0.11 | -0.27 | 0 | -0.31 | 0.19 | 0.4 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.39 | -0.62 | 1 | ||
| Herbicide | -0.04 | -0.24 | -0.16 | -0.42 | 0.07 | 0.39 | 0.4 | 0.43 | 0.43 | -0.89 | 0.79 | 1 | |
| Fertilizer | -0.12 | -0.29 | -0.07 | -0.45 | 0.09 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.45 | 0.45 | -0.85 | 0.77 | 0.95 | 1 |
Plots showing percent change in the landscape index in 2018 as compared to 2008.
Strangely, some of the higher yielding county-years we document are in areas with fairly low soil suitability, particularly for corn and winter wheat. Other research suggests that these are regions where heavy use of inputs are offsetting low suitability.
## [1] 0.3777883
## [1] 0.3978889
## [1] 0.09903373
Let’s look at areas where yields are more than 1 SD above average yields and soil suitability is less than 1 SD below average suitability:
Note that for soy, only one county falls into the high yield (>1SD), low suitability (<1SD) categorization.